GTI - from what you have told us about the first, I'm assuming you have not been there long. I also assume it's a relatively new firm, possibly entrepreneurial and growing. (I assume this from the bit about growing and listing on the HKSE). Using those assumptions, I'd add the following.....
Many entrepreneurs have good ideas and get a business going. They may have an idea, they may have contacts, they are often (if they get to a 12 person firm as yours appears to be) have some idea of how to manage a business. But many are not trained in ALL the aspects they need to run a business - for example, communicating with staff! They may have never been to MBA school and done the People Management course..... they are just figuring it out as they go along! As JohnDoe indicated, if they are Chinese too, then they come from an entirely different management culture to what you are used to.
All of which makes for a different style and possible not a great deal of management skill.
My last boss used to drive me crazy. He did many of the things you accuse your boss of doing - requests at the last minute, getting stuff written up "just to educate him", not telling folks what is going on, asking for work at odd hours. Used to drive me crazy. It still does - he's now my business partner and does all the same things! On the other hand, he's super intelligent, has a great network of people, sells great projects and is an excellent consultant. As well as being a nice bloke. He's just an awful manager. He knows this and he works at it. He genuinely believes he communicates well - we did used to have a personal joke about "telepathy" because he would assume that one could figure out what was going on from a couple of one-line emails and a remark as he ran out the door ... needless to say I couldn't and neither could anyone else.... It doesn't mean I should have resigned back then (I didn't; I followed him to HK and now am in business with him) - it just meant you had to work at it. With a western boss this is not too hard - most of them are amenable to being told what they are bad at and having a frank discussion about how to improve things .... I've never had a Chinese boss so I hesitate to say whether this would work with them - others may be better able to comment on how you can bridge any cultural gaps that might exist!
What I would say is that sitting passively fuming does nothing useful. Find a way to communicate. Why not ask him WHY he told you he needed X for a meeting when none existed? (you might find out that it was scheduled and the client changed the date at the last minute - would you still feel so pissed?). Ask him why he didn't tell you about the meetings he wants you to do. (he may have assumed that you knew, that the "grapevine" or the secretary or whatever filled you in because that's what he wanted but forgot to actually issue the order ......) If you get nothing back, if he refuses to discuss it, or gets aggressive or this is all hugely negative, THEN you can reassess your options. But until you understand how he works and why he works in that way, you won't be able to make an effective response.
Ignore all the people who just agree you have a horrible boss and should leave. Until you figure this out, you won't know how to avoid getting into a similar situation somewhere else, and you will learn SO much more from sticking it out and finding solutions. The world is FULL of people who are untrained for what they are doing. Doesn't make them bad people, it makes them human and doing the best they can. You'll have to deal with them all in the future, so you might as well start learning now. Good luck!