Actually, I have an earthquake kit - behavior ingrained from living in San Francisco. Hurricane Katrina should have been a wake up call to all Yanks that the cavalry won't come riding into town to save the day when Mother Nature goes on a bender. Wife and I updated the kit right after the earthquake/tsunami/nuclear disaster in Japan.
There are lists for specific emergency kits (earthquake, hurricane, etc.) available with a quick google search. But what you need for long-term survival is the right knowledge: Know a number of ways to make a fire without matches. Know a number of ways to procure drinking water. Know how to build some basic shelters. Know a bunch of ways to procure food in your environment. Les Stroud has written books and made TV shows on survival skills. His show was called Survivor Man. The various Armed Forces have "official" books and guides on survival skills and techniques. There are even camps you can attend to learn/practice such skills.
There is a book (later made into a TV series) called "Worst Case Scenario," that offered some advise (though some it sounded quite dubious). It was sometimes amusing, "How to jump out of a moving car without getting killed," and practical, "How to bribe your way out of a country." I actually use some of the tips - I always carry US currency as that seems to be universally accepted as a bribe in the more remote parts of the world.