Whether you can get the home return permit depends on if you are a Chinese citizen, if you are one, then yes you can get it.
This is a mucky area though, typically countries don't recognize other citizenship if you are one of their citizens. However Canada and China have an agreement saying that if you use a Canadian passport to enter China, you'll be regarded as Canadian. Though I'd have reservations whether China would really recognize this over their own citizens. I don't know if the US and/or UK have a similar agreement with China.
If you are a Chinese citizen and you enter HK using a HKID card then you're entering as a Chinese citizen and wouldn't be able to get consular assistance as you are in China.
If you have never held a home return permit in the past, then it seems like a HKSAR passport is needed to apply.