The physical ID card (smart chip thingy) takes a month to get.
If you have a valid working visa, you can queue up on day 1 and get a paper identification document the same day. This is good enough for MOST purposes, including bank account opening.
The fun starts when you open a bank account - if you're with a large enough company, HR will be able to set you up with a bank that they do business with and the account should be easy to open. If not, you may have to jump through some hoops to get a serviced apartment sorted and some sort of semi-permanent address. Worst case scenario, bring proof of address from back home - utility bills, existing bank statements etc.
The account opening should take a couple of days depending on which bank you open with and how much of an arse the person opening your account is. Sometimes better to just go to the main / larger HSBC / SC / Citi offices as they're more used to opening accounts.
Bring enough cash to last you for a week, make sure that your credit cards / ATM cards do not have any access blocks on them for overseas use / withdrawals and you should be fine.
Some HR departments will also front a couple of months worth of salary or a portion of it to help new employees get settled. (20+ years ago when I moved, I think I was given 6 weeks salary as a settling in allowance which I then used to open a accoutn with my company's bank, and my company was not that large..).